N I G H T B R I N G E R . S E
RED

  1. Red Castle

    A castle conquered from Lord Serses by Sir Bors, who established a monastery on the site.


  2. Red Castle

    When a lord named Elain died, he left the Red Castle to his maiden daughter. Yvain the Black wanted to marry the maiden, and he besieged the castle when she refused. Guiron the Courteous came to the maiden’s aid, defeated Yvain, and lifted the siege.


  3. Red Castle

    The home of the knights Hugh and Edward.


  4. Red City
    Rouge Citié

    The castle ruled by Sir Partinal, an enemy of Perceval’s family. Perceval killed him there.


  5. Red City
    Vermiglia

    A city on the Delectable Isle, off the east coast of Britain, ruled by King Armant. When two of Armant’s protégés killed Armant and seized the city, Sir Palamedes avenged the deed, became lord of the Red City, and gave the city to Marin, Armant’s brother. Phyllis Ann Karr thinks the Red City might be Kilnsea, if King Hermance's Delectable Isle is the Spurn Head peninsula in East Riding.


  6. Red City, King of the

    This king appears in Les Merveilles de Rigomer as an ally of Rigomer castle. Gawain defeated him during his battle to conquer the castle. In Chrétien's Erec, Erec unhorsed him, along with his saddle and the reins of his bridle, in a mighty clash at the tournament between Evroic and Tenebroc. He may have inspired Hartmann's Roiderodes.


  7. Red Cross
    Croix Roge

    A landmark outside King Mark’s court at Lancien. Mark left a message to Tristan and Isolde, who were living in exile in the forest of Morois, on the cross.


  8. Red Cross

    A landmark visited by Hector, Lionel, Erec, and the Ugly Hero during their adventures.


  9. Red Cross Knight

    Representative of holiness in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. He carried a shield with a bloody red cross on it. He was commissioned by Gloriana, the Fairy Queen, to accompany Una to the kingdom of her parents and deliver them from a dragon that was scourging their land. On the way, he was tricked by the evil sorcerer Archimago into believing Una a wanton, and he abandoned her. He became infatuated with Duessa, a witch in the guise of a beautiful maiden named Fidessa. He drank from a magic fountain which made him weak, allowing the giant Orgoglio to throw him in a dungeon. Una sought and obtained the help of Prince Arthur, who killed Orgoglio, exposed Duessa, and freed the Red Cross Knight. Eventually, they reached Una’s land and the Red Cross Knight slew the dragon in a three-day battle. The Red Cross Knight and Una were betrothed. In a later adventure, the Red Cross Knight joined the warrior maiden Britomart at the Castle Joyous. It is revealed late in Spenser’s poem that the Red Cross Knight is St. George, the patron saint of England.


  10. Red Forest

    A wood inhabited by the Red Knight. Arthur challenged the Red Knight for proper ownership of the Red Forest. Arthur's Sir Meriadoc decided the issue in Arthur's favor, but persuaded Arthur to relinquish his claim.


  11. Red Giant

    A giant who killed Aliban of the Waste City, Perceval's uncle. Alain, Perceval's father, avenged Aliban by slaying the Red Giant, but he received a mortal wound in the process.


  12. Red Knight

    The knight who stole a valuable cup from Arthur's court but was pursued, caught and killed by Gawain (or Percivale).


  13. Red Knight

    True name Sir Perimones, he was defeated by Gareth.


  14. Red Knight

    Sir Ironside, the Red Knight of the Red Lands. He was besieging Lyonesse when Gareth came to relieve that lady, and duly defeated him.


  15. Red Knight

    A title given to Gawain in Perlevaus.


  16. Red Knight

    A knight of Arthur's court who was defeated by the Great Fool.


  17. Red Knight
    Knight of the Red Shield

    A knight from the forest of Quinqueroi who offended Arthur and was killed by Perceval. Wolfram von Eschenbach calls him Ither. Chrétien de Troyes relates how Perceval noticed his bright red mail suit on his way to Arthur’s court. After Arthur had knighted Perceval, Perceval asked for the armor. Kay—seeking to cause trouble—told Perceval that he could go ahead and take it. Perceval rode out to meet the Red Knight and demanded the armor. When the Red Knight—expectedly—refused, Perceval threw a well-aimed spear into the Knight’s eye, killing him instantly. With the help of the servant Yonet, he donned the red armor and rode away. Perceval himself was then called the Red Knight for a time.

    Presented lightly in Chrétien’s version, this episode takes on a tragic air in later stories. In Perlesvaus, Perceval slays the Red Knight accidentally while the latter is fighting the White Knight. Perceval had believed that knights in armor were invincible, and he was therefore shocked and saddened when his javelin pierced the Red Knight’s visor. The Red Knight, who was the Lord of the Forest of Shadows, had a brother named Cahot the Red and a son named Clamadoz of the Shadows. Both tried to avenge the Red Knight’s death but failed. In Wolfram’s Parzival, Perceval similarly comes to regret the killing.

    In the Fourth Continuation of Chrétien’s Perceval, the Red Knight has four sons: Evander, Marmadus, Leander, and Meliadas. Following their pardon to Perceval for their father’s death, the Red Knight’s body was buried by St. Brendan.

    According to the Middle English Sir Perceval of Galles, Perceval killed the Red Knight in revenge for the murder of Perceval’s father at the Red Knight’s hands. His red armor gave him supernatural powers.


  18. Red Knight

    A king from Montescler who participated in Arthur's tournament at the Castle of Maidens, and was defeated in joust by Tristan.


  19. Red Knight

    The nickname of Count Hojir of Mannesvelt, because of his crimson hair and beard.


  20. Red Knight

    An alias of Lord Raolais, an enemy of Arthur.


  21. Red Knight

    An alias of Sir Perymones, a knight defeated by Gareth.


  22. Red Knight

    The name adopted by Sir Pelleas, after Gawain's treachery and news of Guinevere's infidelity drove him insane and turned him into a marauder. He sent an insulting message to Arthur, and Arthur was forced to rally forces against him.


  23. Red Knight of the Cliff
    Rous de la Faloise

    A knight who was slain by Gawain while attempting to kidnap the Maiden of the Harp.


  24. Red Knight of the Deep Forest

    A knight who killed Perceval’s cousin and was slain by Perceval in return. The Red Knight’s comrade was a pet lion whom Perceval also killed.


  25. Red Knight of the Perilous Valley
    Roux de Val Perilleus

    A traitorous relative of Arthur who, hearing that Arthur was away on adventures, invaded the land of Cardigan and captured Arthur’s castle at Disnadaron. Arthur eventually rallied his forces and marched on the city, and the Red Knight fled, intending to fortify himself in his impregnable castle in the Perilous Valley. He was intercepted along the way by Gawain and Meriadeuc. Meriadeuc defeated him and forced him to surrender to Arthur.


  26. Red Knight of the Red Forest

    British knight who was challenged by Arthur for ownership of the Red Forest. Sir Meriadoc defeated the Red Knight in combat and decided the issue in Arthur’s favor, but convinced Arthur to return the Red Forest to the Red Knight.


  27. Red Knight of the Red Lands

    The alias of Sir Ironside, a knight who besieged Lyonesse until he was defeated in combat by Gareth. Like Gawain, his strength waxed and waned with the sun.


  28. Red Mountain

    During a quest to find Lancelot, Gawain visited the Hermit of the Red Mountain, who directed him to the North Wales Causeway, a bridge to Sorelois.


  29. Red Olive Tree

    The location of a hermitage visited by Lancelot and Perceval during the Grail Quest. Lancelot had some disturbing dreams, signifying the sin of his affair with Guinevere, in which he was wounded in the thigh. Perceval was able to cure the wound. Lancelot made a full confession of his sins to Perceval and the hermit.


  30. Red Rose Knight

    The title given to Tom a'Lincoln, the illegitimate son of Arthur and Angelica, during his years as an outlaw.


  31. Red Sea

    The body of water between Egypt and Arabia. The otherwordly realm where Arthur went to dwell with Morgan is placed near here in the fourteenth-century French poem Le batard de Bouillon. In Wigalois the land of Jeraphin was next to the Red Sea.


  32. Red Stone
    Petrone Vermiglio

    A holy site on the island of Matufer off the coast of Cornwall. Anyone who touched the stone could only tell the truth. Mark brought Isolde there to discover the truth about her affair with Tristan. Tristan, disguised as a pilgrim and a madman, grabbed Isolde and kissed her in front of everyone. Then, Isolde was able to swear that no one had used her body basely except Mark, the “pilgrim,” and the “madman.”


  33. Red Tower

    A pagan stronghold. The Lord of the Red Tower captured Gawain and tried to make him fight a lion, unarmed, but Gawain was rescued by Meliot of Logres.


  34. Red Tower

    The stronghold of Partinal, Perceval's uncle.


  35. Red Tower Bridge

    A bridge built by Argan in rage after having been twice cuckolded, by Uther Pendragon and Sir Hector. It was built near the castle known as Uther’s Shame. Any knight who defeated its guardian had to assume the position himself; these unlucky victors included Tor and Hoel. Finally, Hoel, Kay, and Kehedin defeated the fours sons of Argan and ended the custom


  36. Red Wolf-Tread

    The horse belonging to Arthur’s warrior Gilbert.

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